Recently, a draft of the Law on Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine regarding the establishment of responsibility for individual actions against the foundations of national security of Ukraine was published, which proposes the introduction of punishment for the dissemination of false information.

This initiative caused a stir in society and is actively discussed. We suggest looking at the problem from a slightly different angle, namely, how Ukrainians themselves assess their ability to distinguish quality information from misinformation and fakes. To begin with, it is appropriate to recall the individual results of a comprehensive research conducted by KIIS on the order of the Civic Network "OPORA" in July 2022[1]. So, first of all, it is obvious that the landscape of communication channels has changed with the transition to the distinct dominance of digital channels (especially Telegram channels[2]). Television still plays an important role, but in the dynamics we see a significant increase in the use of digital sources. At the same time, 40% of Ukrainians believe that "now there are so many different sources of information that it is difficult for me to determine which of them provide truly truthful information about events" (52%, on the contrary, despite the variety of sources, can identify those that provide truthful information ). At the same time, 56% place responsibility for the fight against fakes and false information on the state itself (on citizens themselves place this responsibility 35%). The opinions of Ukrainians regarding the regulation of the media sphere are quite contradictory. On the one hand, 60% believe that "the media should be able to reasonably criticize the actions of the government" (against 32% who want the media to support the government's line). On the other hand, 60% "to strengthen defense against the enemy the state should more actively control information in Internet sources" (30% consider this a restriction of the rights and freedoms of citizens).

In addition, earlier in 2018-2019, KMIS asked respondents on the order of the NGO "Media Detector" the question "Do you think that you yourself are able to distinguish quality information from misinformation and fakes?"[3]. In December 2022, KIIS added this question to its own all-Ukrainian survey to analyze the dynamics (see the research methodology in Annex 1). If in February 2019 52% answered that they could distinguish quality information, then in December 2022 – 78%, including from 21% to 38%, there were more people who answered firmly "yes". The decrease occurred both at the expense of those who consider themselves unable to distinguish qualitative information, and at the expense of those who previously could not determine their opinion (representatives of both these categories became fewer).

From February 22 to March 6, 2023, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) conducted its own all-Ukrainian public opinion survey "Omnibus". Bythemethodofcomputer-assistedtelephoneinterviews(CATI) based on a random sample of mobile phone numbers (with random generation of phone numbers and subsequent statistical weighting), 985 respondents (respectively, in the first and second waves) living in all regions of Ukraine (except AR of Crimea) were interviewed. The survey was conducted with adult (aged 18 and older) citizens of Ukraine who, at the time of the survey, lived on the territory of Ukraine (within the boundaries controlled by the authorities of Ukraine until February 24, 2022). The sample did not include residents of territories that were not temporarily controlled by the authorities of Ukraine until February 24, 2022 (AR of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, certain districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts), and the survey was not conducted with citizens who left the country after February 24, 2022.

Formally, under normal circumstances, the statistical error of a sample of 985 respondents (first wave) (with a probability of 0.95 and taking into account a design effect of 1.1) did not exceed 3.4% for indicators close to 50%, 3.0% for indicators , close to 25%, 2.1% - for indicators close to 10%, 1.5% - for indicators close to 5%.

Under conditions of war, in addition to the specified formal error, a certain systematic deviation is added. In particular, if back in May, among all the respondents we interviewed, 2.5-4% lived in the territories occupied after February 24 (and this corresponded to the percentage of those who live there, because the generation of telephone numbers was random), now, due to the occupiers turning off the telephone communication, we managed to interview only 1 respondent in the first wave (out of 985) and 3 respondents in the second wave (out of 2007), who currently live in occupied settlements. It is important to note that although the views of the respondents who lived in the occupation were somewhat different, the general tendencies were quite similar. That is, the impossibility of interviewing such respondents does not significantly affect the quality of the results. There are other factors that can affect the quality of results in "wartime" conditions (see Annex 2).

In general, we believe that the obtained results are still highly representative and allow a fairly reliable analysis of public moods of the population.

This report presents the results of a survey of residents of Ukraine conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) on behalf of the project "Strengthening Public Trust" (UCBI-III), which is a USAID program implemented by Chemonics International in Ukraine. The research studied the opinions and views of the residents of Ukraine on various issues related to the perception of history and the idea of historical figures and events.

The survey was conducted on January 19-27, 2023 by telephone interview method. 2004 adult residents of Ukraine were interviewed. A random sample of mobile phone numbers generated randomly (random digit dialing) was used. At the stage of data processing, the obtained results were weighted taking into account the sex-age structure of the permanent population of Ukraine according to the data of the State Statistics Service as of January 1, 2022 (the place of residence of the respondent was taken as information as of before February 24, 2022).

The research sample is representative of the adult population of Ukraine (aged 18 and older). Statistical sampling error (with a probability of 0.95 and excluding the design effect) does not exceed 2.2% for indicators close to 50%, 1.9% for indicators close to 25 or 75%, 1.3% for indicators, close to 10 or 90%, 1.0% for indicators close to 5 or 95%, 0.4% for indicators close to 1 or 99%.

Full report.

This report presents the results of a survey of residents of Ukraine conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) on behalf of the project "Strengthening Public Trust" (UCBI-III), which is a USAID program implemented by Chemonics International in Ukraine. The research studied the opinions and views of Ukrainians regarding cultural practices and the corresponding behavior - in particular, leisure time, consumption of Ukrainian content (music, books, films, TV), artistic practices, etc.

The survey was conducted from January 27 to February 3, 2023 by telephone interview method. 2009 adult residents of Ukraine were interviewed. A random sample of randomly generated mobile phone numbers (random digit dialing) was used. At the stage of data processing, the obtained results were weighted taking into account the sex-age structure of the permanent population of Ukraine according to the data of the State Statistics Service as of January 1, 2022.

The research sample is representative of the adult population of Ukraine (aged 18 and older). The population living in temporarily occupied territories, where Ukrainian mobile operators do not work, did not participate in the survey. Statistical sampling error (with a probability of 0.95 and excluding the design effect) does not exceed 2.2% for indicators close to 50%, 1.9% for indicators close to 25 or 75%, 1.3% for indicators, close to 10 or 90%, 1.0% for indicators close to 5 or 95%, 0.5% for indicators close to 1 or 99%.

Full report.

During December 2022 - January 2023, KIIS conducted an all-Ukrainian sociological research commissioned by the USAID project "Transformation of Communications", implemented in Ukraine by Chemonics International. The research was conducted at the request of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine with funds generously provided by American taxpayers through the USAID Agency for International Development.

The purpose of the research was to assess the level of foreign language proficiency among the adult population of Ukraine (in particular, English, Polish, Turkish, Hungarian, Spanish, French, German), as well as to study the incentives and barriers to learning foreign languages.

The survey was conducted by the online interview method, in which 2,001 adult residents of Ukraine aged 18 and older participated. The research used a quota sample that represents the adult population of Ukraine living in government-controlled territories by basic demographic characteristics (gender, age, macroregion, and urban/rural type of settlement). Respondents were recruited on the basis of the InPoll online panel, which uses OSA software. Additional telephone recruitment was used to select underrepresented online groups (mainly older people and the rural population).

Under normal circumstances, the statistical error of such a sample (with a probability of 0.95 and without taking into account the design effect and peculiarities of the applied research method) did not exceed 2.2%. At the same time, under conditions of war, additional systematic sample deviations may occur due to the consequences of Russian aggression, in particular, the forced displacement of millions of Ukrainian citizens, lack of reliable statistics, etc. However, the analysis shows that internally displaced persons continue to use mobile communications and the Internet, therefore the obtained results still retain high representativeness and allow a fairly reliable analysis of the social state and opinions of the population living in the controlled territory of Ukraine.